![]() Additional functions of satellite cells include the maintenance of the myofiber environment and the repair/remodeling of myofibers. myonuclear addition) to facilitate additional hypertrophy ( 16). These proliferating satellite cells may then undergo terminal differentiation and fuse to current myofibers as myonuclei, (i.e. The addition of myonuclei to a growing myofiber occurs by inducing satellite cell proliferation and migration to target myofibers. Expansion of the myofiber strains the myonuclear domain, the volume of a myofiber maintained by one myonucleus to regulate essential cell function. ![]() The prevailing theory for contraction-induced myofiber growth posits that acute and periodic increases in protein synthesis lead to the accumulation of protein and expansion of myofiber volume. ![]() On the other hand, there are a limited number of longitudinal studies that have examined whether protein supplementation during resistance exercise training (RET) enhances muscle growth and strength as compared to RET without protein supplementation ( 8, 31, 35, 41). One reason for this popularity is that several acute studies have shown protein or amino acids ingestion following a bout of resistance exercise (RE see Document, Supplemental Digital Content 1, List of abbreviations) can enhance muscle protein synthesis ( 39). Despite this information, the notion that protein supplements can enhance muscle growth at rest or during exercise training is very popular ( 39). It has been reported that the amount of protein in the diet does not influence muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise training ( 45).
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